How islam spread into subsaharan region of west africa, and the great civilizations it established there, taking its inhabitants out of paganism to the worship of one god. Book of roads and kingdoms albakri, written in the mid 11th century by abu abdullah albakri in spain. From abu ubayd albakris book of roads and kingdoms the saqaliba are descendants of madhay, son of yafith japheth and they dwell in the northwest. He never travelled to the locations of which he wrote. The book of routes and realms abu ubaydallah albakri ghana is a title given to their kings. Book of roads and kingdoms albakri project gutenberg.
Book of roads and kingdoms englishnorwegian dictionary. The country of saqualiba extends from the eastern mediterranean to the north atlantic. Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh wikipedia. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Reports of the slavs from muslim lands part i ibrahim. Control of highdemand trade products like gold and salt allowed ghana and mali to become powerful and wealthy. Famous muslim historian and geographer from andalusia abu abdullah albakri mentions in his book of roads and kingdoms kitab almasalik waalmamalik that the vikings to which he refers to as majus raided the city of nekor located in modern day rif, morocco in their north african adventure where they held numerous prisoners as. Ubayd albakri died 1094, who wrote the kitab almasalik walmamalik book of highways and of kingdoms, and alidrisi died 1166, who was in the service of roger ii of sicily and is the author of the leading universal geography composed by the arabs. Kitab almasalik walmamalik the book of roads and kingdoms to the. The wikipedia article on abu ubaydallah albakri provides insight into the writing of book of roads and kingdoms, in particular, the fact that albakris writing about ghana was a regurgitation of the work of others like what im doing here. One of the sources of information about ghana and its cities comes from abu ubayd albakri. This was composed in 1068, based on literature and the reports of merchants and travellers, including muhammad ibn yusuf alwarraq 904973. He was a historian and geographer from muslim spain.
Albakri was born in huelva, the son of the sovereign of the shortlived principality there. Book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms is the name given to several medieval arabic language texts dealing with geography. It contains a lot of brief, yet informative articles. All available evidence points to the fact that in this period. Dunlop from albakris eleventh century work the book of kingdoms and roads. He spent his entire life in alandalus, most of it in seville and almeria. The empire of mali arose after the decline of ghana.
In its second year of existence, it was voted the gold winner for best travel journalism site by the society of american travel writers. Albakri was born in huelva, the son of the sovereign of the short lived principality of huelva. Albakri based his work on the accounts of merchants and adventurers such as yusuf alwarraq and abraham ben jacob. It was written around 1068 in cordoba, alandalus present day spain albakri based his work on the accounts of merchants, geologists and adventurers such as. Albakri based his work on the accounts of traders, the writings of muhammad ibn yusuf alwarraq. Zur selbstdarstellung eines syrischen gelehrten, sufis. Pdf albakri and the bretons sam ottewillsoulsby academia. Famous muslim historian and geographer from andalusia abu abdullah albakri mentions in his book of roads and kingdoms kitab almasalik waalmamalik that the vikings to which he refers to as majus raided the city of nekor located in mode. A brief history of the islamic empires of kanembornu and hausafulani land.
Abd alaziz albakri is best known for his geography, the book of roads and kingdoms, which survives in fragmentary form. It maps and describes the major trade routes of the time within the muslim world, and discusses distant trading regions such as japan, korea, and china. As the title book of the roads and kingdoms implies, it is a description of land and sea routes written to facilitate travel. Found 0 sentences matching phrase book of roads and kingdoms. This tunka manin is powerful, rules an enormous kingdom, and possesses great authority. In what year did henry the navigator begin to sponsor exploration.
Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh wikiwand. The reason for the conversion of the king of the khazars, who had previously been a heathen. This website is for people of various faiths who seek to understand islam and muslims. Arab civilization in the peninsula reached its zenith when the political power of the arabs began to decline. Livre des routes et royaumes albakri book of roads and kingdoms albakri. Trade played a key role in the development of ghana. Albakri, roads and kingdoms 1067 ce rowan university. Translation memories are created by human, but computer aligned, which might cause mistakes. Albakri, roads and kingdoms 1067 ce the author albakri is in many ways analogous to strabo.
Translation of book of highways and of kingdoms albakri. Kitab almasalik wal mamalik book of roads and kingdoms is albakris seminal book and one of the most important historical sources of geography in west africa. His kitab fi masalik wal mamalik the book of roads and kingdoms describes ghana of 1068 as highly advanced. Immediately following the muslim conquest in the 8th century, there were no traces of a cultural level higher than that attained by the mozarabs who lived among the arab conquerors. An arab geographer from andalusia, albakri writes in lyrical format incorporating elements of social and political history.
The meaning of the double axe in linear a from inscription. So as not to exclude the islamic account of these events, the following is taken by d. Aside from the purely geographical facts, albakri also includes historical and social data. Start studying the story of the world volume 2 chapters 2542. Routes and realms, a description of muslim territories. We accept pitches from freelance writers, carousers and photographers. Islam in the ancient empire of ghana albakri, the muslim geographer, gives us an early account of the ancient soninke empire of ghana.
Islam reaches west africa, and a history of the islamic empire of ghana. Book of roads and kingdoms albakri wiki from uk book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms arabic. In his book of roads and kingdoms albakri, an eleventhcentury arab historian, visited this critical trade outpost and noted something unusual about the gold coins being used in. Al bakri was an andalusian author of the eleventh century who stood out in the field of geography. Both empires exercised political and economic power over a large part of africa. Monumenta cartographica egyptae et africae by yusuf kamal. Book of roads and kingdoms book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms is the name of an eleventhcentury geography text by abu abdullah albakri. Livre des routes et royaumes albakri book of roads and. Work of al muhallabi, 10th century writer work cited by yakut th century geographer, no longer exist history and description of africa by leo africanus. Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh infogalactic. Ubayd albakri died 1094, who wrote the kitab almasalik walmamalik book of highways and of kingdoms.
In what year did albakri publish his book of the roads and kingdoms 1419. We shall study briefly the expansion of islam in each of the ancient empires of western sudan. He was born to elite arabspeaking parents in southern iberia while it was ruled by muslims, and became a scholar who produced a geography called roads and kingdoms or, alternately translated. Book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms is the name of an eleventhcentury geography text by abu abdullah albakri. The earth is an imperfect ellipsoid utilizes albakris kitab almasalik walmamalik the book of roads and kingdoms, an eleventhcentury arabic geography text describing major trade routes in west africa under the islamic empire and overlays it with the contemporary migration routes traveled by migrants from africa to europe. While reading the articles referenced, i discovered the albakri crater. Famous muslim historian and geographer from andalusia abu abdullah albakri mentions in his book of roads and kingdoms kitab almasalik. Book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms arabic. He based information in his book on those areas he had never been to on accounts given to him by.
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